Neural Dust: Tiny Wireless Sensors That Monitor Brain and Body

Black holes are among the most mysterious and extreme objects in the universe. Formed from the collapse of massive stars, these regions in space possess gravity so powerful that nothing—not even light—can escape their pull. But what exactly is a black hole, and why do scientists study them?
When a massive star runs out of nuclear fuel, it can no longer hold itself up against the force of gravity. The core collapses under its own weight, resulting in a dense singularity surrounded by an invisible boundary called the event horizon.
The event horizon marks the boundary of a black hole. Once anything crosses this point—light, matter, or even time—it can never return. It’s called the “point of no return” because not even information can escape.
The center of a black hole, called the singularity, is a point where gravity crushes matter into infinite density. Space and time as we know them break down here, and current physics can't fully explain what happens inside.
According to Einstein’s theory of general relativity, time slows down near strong gravitational fields. Near a black hole, time passes much more slowly compared to Earth. This effect is called gravitational time dilation.
While black holes are invisible, we can detect them indirectly. Astronomers observe the effects on nearby stars and gas, or capture images like the Event Horizon Telescope's photo of the black hole in galaxy M87.
Studying black holes helps us test the limits of physics and understand how galaxies form and evolve. They play a crucial role in shaping the universe's structure.
Black holes are more than cosmic monsters—they are natural laboratories for extreme physics. As technology advances, we continue uncovering the secrets of these gravitational giants, bringing us closer to understanding the universe itself.
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